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Newark  New Brunswick/Piscataway
Stratford Camden
<span class="subhead">South
Jersey Medical</span> History </div></TD>
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Leonard George Rowntree, 1883-1959
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<p align="center" class="subhead">The Artificial Kidney</p>
<p> Born in Canada, Leonard Rowntree moved
to Camden and opened a practice in the city's Cramer Hill section. Dr.
Rowntree left Camden in 1907 to study medical research with Professor John Jacob
Abel at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. He reopened his Camden office
during the next few summers, while the local physicians were on vacation.
</p>
<p>In 1910 Dr. Rowntree and Dr. J.T.
Geraghty introduced the phthalein excretion test of renal function.
Dr. Rowntree, Dr. Abel and Dr. J.J. Turner published a landmark 1914 article
about their dialysis experiments on dogs, using the first artificial kidney.
<p>Following World War I, Dr. Rowntree
relocated to the Mayo Clinic, where he spent 11 years. There he introduced
lumbar sympathectomy as therapy for malignant hypertension and discovered
the principle of intravenous contrast urography.
<p>In 1932 Dr. Rowntree returned to
the Delaware Valley as director of the Philadelphia Institute for Medical
Research. During World War II he became chief of the Medical Service
of the Selective Service System and later retired to Florida, where he
helped found the University of Miami School of Medicine.
<p><span class="subhead">Sources</span>
<p>Moss, Sandra W. "Medical history:
Dr. Leonard Rowntree of Camden."
<i>New Jersey Medicine 92(9):596-600,
September 1995.</i>
<p>Drukker, William. "Haemodialysis:
A historical review." In <i>Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis:
A textbook of dialysis.</i> 2nd ed. Edited by William Drukker,
Framk M. Parsons and John F.Maher. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster:
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1986 (c1983). pp. 3-52.
<br>
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<br>
<span class="subhead">Related Link </span>
<p><b><a href="http://www.si.umich.edu/HCHS/ARTIFACTS/artifact.00002.html">The
Dunning Colorimeter, ca. 1910-1949</a></b>. (University of Michigan Historical
Scientific and Medical Artifacts Collection)
<br>"for applying the Rowntree and Geraghty
Renal Functional Test"
<p class="subhead">Selected Bibliography
<p>Abel JJ and Rowntree, LG.
<br>On the pharmacological action of
some phthaleins and their derivatives with especial reference to their
behavior as purgatives.
<br>Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics. 1909-10; 1:231-64.
<p>Rowntree, LG and Geraghty, JT.
<br>An experimental and clinical study
of the functional activity of the kidneys by means of phenolsulphonephthalein.
<br>Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics. 1909-10; 1:579-661.
<p>Osborne ED, Sutherland CG, Scholl
AJ Jr, and Rowntree LG
<br>Landmark article Feb 10, 1923: Roentgenography
of urinary tract during excretion of sodium iodid.
<br>JAMA. 1983 Nov 25;250(20):2848-53.
(UI: 84065097)
<p>Rowntree LG.
<br>The effects on mammals of the administration
of excessive quantities of water.
<br>Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics.1926; 29:135-159
<p>Rowntree, Leonard George, 1883-
<br>Amid masters of twentieth century
medicine: a panorama of persons and pictures. With an introduction by George
F. Lull.
<br>Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas, 1958.
<p>Return to <a href="http://www4.umdnj.edu/camlbweb/sjmedhist/">South
Jersey Medical History</a>. </td>
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