A Brief History of Managed Care

• 1800s - Prepaid Cooperatives

• 1930s & 40s - Humana, HIP, Kaiser-Permanente

• 1965 - Medicare Program enacted

• 1973 - HMO Act

• 1970s & 80s - Managed Care Booms

• 1994 - National Health Care legislation fails

E.J. Wagner, 3/99

Fox, Essentials of Managed Care, ed. Kongstvedt. (Aspen, 1997)

Frakes, Gastroenterology Clinics. 1997: 26(4)

Bischof & Nash, Medical Clinics of N.A. 1996: 80(2)

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